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What You Need to Know About SIBO & Gut Health

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SIBO (small-intestinal bacterial overgrowth) is exactly what it sounds like — excessive bacteria in your small intestine. It may sound like having bacteria in your digestive tract is normal, and it is — but only to a certain extent. Let's take a look at what SIBO is and what we can do about it.

Your digestive tract

Your digestive tract is responsible for handing the food and drink you take in, from your mouth to your esophagus to your stomach. From there, it's pushed to and through the small intestine, then through the large intestine (which includes the colon) — and then whatever is left over exits your body in the form of poop.

The small intestine is responsible for slowly breaking down the food we eat so its nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. Dr. Josh Axe, a nutritionist, tells SheKnows that in a healthy system, the small intestine is home to some bacteria, but not a lot — you'll generally find the highest concentrations inside the colon.

More: "Gut Health" Is Everywhere, but What Does It Actually Mean?

This is why SIBO can be such a huge problem. If there is bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine, it can affect how your gut deals with nutrients, which means if there's a problem with excess bacteria in this part of your body, then you're not getting what you need to keep you healthy.

SIBO & your gut

"When in proper balance, the bacteria in the colon helps digest foods and the body absorb essential nutrients," says Axe. "However, when bacteria invades and takes over the small intestine, it can lead to poor nutrient absorption, symptoms commonly associated with IBS, and may even lead to damage of the stomach lining."

This can lead to a number of unpleasant symptoms. SIBO symptoms can include:

  • Excess gas
  • Abdominal bloating
  • Abdominal distension
  • Diarrhea
  • Abdominal pain

Also, keep in mind that a small number of people with SIBO may experience constipation instead of (or worse yet, in addition to) diarrhea.

As you can see, these symptoms may sound an awful lot like a ton of other abdominal maladies, which can make it hard to pin down — even for your physician. Your doctor might want to rule out other conditions (such as diabetes or celiac disease) before jumping to SIBO testing, but your mileage may vary according to your doc's preferences.

Direct bacterial sampling from your small intestine and culturing any bacteria found is one way to diagnose SIBO, but this involves anesthesia and a scope. Another option is the hydrogen breath test, which is not invasive and only requires a pretest fast. Exhaling into a balloon and then consuming some of the test substance (some sort of sugar, usually) is followed by more balloon breathing, which is then tested for hydrogen and methane.

SIBO treatment

Dr. Mahmoud A. Ghannoum, a professor of dermatology at Case Western Reserve University who specializes in medically important fungi and bacteria, explains that treatment depends on its underlying cause. It can be as relatively noninvasive as a diet change (such as is necessary for those who have celiac disease) or as involved as surgery for those who have a problem in the anatomy of their small bowel.

Additionally, in patients who have experienced weight loss or other signs of nutritional deficiencies, Ghannoum says nutritional support is another aspect of SIBO treatment. Nutritional recommendations are usually based on the individual patient, but many find relief from their symptoms by following a low-FODMAP diet.

More: These Are the Early Signs of Digestive Problems in Women

And finally, the other step of treatment should target and eliminate the bacterial overgrowth. "Antibiotics reduce or eliminate the bacterial overload and reverse the mucosal inflammation associated with overgrowth and malabsorption," he notes. In some cases, patients get better and stay better after antibiotic treatment, but others see their symptoms return when their course of antibiotics are complete and must take antibiotics repeatedly — or even continuously.

Help can be found

If you've been experiencing uncomfortable and distressing abdominal symptoms, a visit to your doctor is in order. While some people have a hard time getting a solid SIBO diagnosis and treatment plan, help can be found, and hopefully, you'll be feeling back to your old self soon.


Property Brothers' Jonathan Scott & Girlfriend Jacinta Kuznetsov Call It Quits

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If you thought 2017 was the worst year yet for love in Hollywood, brace yourself — we're pretty sure 2018 just said, "Hold my beer." With everyone still reeling from the news that beloved couple Jenna Dewan and Channing Tatum are calling it quits, Property Brothers' star Jonathan Scott confirms he and longtime girlfriend Jacinta Kuznetsov are going their separate ways too.

More: The Real (& Only) Reason Channing Tatum & Jenna Dewan Tatum Are Splitting

Oof! There must be something in the water to blame for all these celebrity breakups. On the plus side, this latest round of separations has been handled with refreshing grace and humility. The Tatums posted a love-and-light filled message about their split on April 2, and Scott followed suit on Friday, April 6.

"When I met Jacinta in the fall of 2015, I met somebody kind and courageous and a champion for human/animal rights. We grew to respect each other fiercely and know that will remain unchanged for the rest of our lives. Sometimes life takes you on unexpected paths and those paths aren't always in the same direction," Scott wrote.

And before any outside sources could jump in and lay claim to the former couple's narrative, the Property Brothers star made it abundantly clear that he and Kuznetsov parted on good terms.

More: 23 Hollywood Couples Who've Called It Quits in 2018

"There's no drama or negativity; no jealousy or hate. Not even sadness or sorrow. Our memories are filled with joy and we will continue to advocate for each other as friends wherever we go," Scott said.

Jonathan Scott Breakup

Jonathan Scott Breakup

Kuznetsov echoed the sweet sentiments on her own Instagram account, calling her relationship with Scott "a beautiful and rewarding time of my life." But, alas, some things simply don't pan out the way we hope they will.

"However, life is funny and sometimes chapters change and this one has. We have deep love and respect for one another but have gone separate ways. I lovingly reflect on everything we accomplished together and am so proud of who he is and the love we gave each other," Kuznetsov added.

Jonathan Scott Breakup 2

Jonathan Scott Breakup 2

Like Scott, she emphasized that the two will remain supportive forces in each other's lives.

Is it just me, or does the fact they clearly care so deeply for one another make this breakup even harder to bear? In all seriousness, though, it's a beautiful thing when two people can appreciate a special time they've shared with each other for what it was — nothing more and nothing less.

It's particularly nice to see Scott in such a place of peace, given his past history with difficult breakups. In 2007, the Property Brother wed an airline-crew scheduler by the name of Kelsy Ully and made the move from Canada to Las Vegas to be with her. Sadly, the marriage only lasted two years, leaving Scott devastated.

He credits his twin (and Property Brothers' co-host) Drew for pulling him out of the darkness. By Drew's own admission, he told his depressed brother, "Nope, you are not sitting at home. Get your butt out here. You're coming with me, and we're hanging out. "

More: The 12 Biggest HGTV Scandals From Fixer Upper to Flip or Flop

As for the reason the marriage didn't work out in the first place, Scott says it all boiled down to not being ready. "There was sort of a rush going into it. She wanted to get married on 07/07/07... so it wasn't something that naturally happened," he told People.

However, he did learn a lot from the experience — and one lesson is proving to be more relevant than ever. "I think that one of the biggest things I learned is that you can have two good people who are just not good for each other," Scott said.

Jennie Garth & Husband David Abrams Are Headed for Divorce

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Celebrity love can't catch a break these days. In less than a week, we've learned that Jenna Dewan and Channing Tatum, Brooke Burke and David Charvet, and Jonathan Scott and Jacinta Kuznetsov have all decided to go their separate ways. And, to add one more couple to the growing list, Jennie Garth's husband David Abrams just filed for divorce. The two have been married for three years.

More: 38 Celebrity Splits & Divorces We Never Saw Coming

Abrams filed the divorce papers on Friday in Los Angeles County citing the classic "irreconcilable differences" as the reason for their split. According to court documents obtained by The Blast, Garth and Abrams' actual date of separation was Aug. 29, 2017.

Leading up to that date, Garth posted a few final photos of the couple together on her Instagram page.

On Aug. 4, 2017, she posted a photo of their feet resting on the dashboard of Garth's RV, using the caption to thank Abrams for taking such good care of the family on their road trip and hashtagging the pic "#ilovemyhusband."

Jennie Garth Divorce 1

Jennie Garth Divorce 1

A few days later, on Aug. 8, she shared a short but sweet video of the two. "One [of the] best parts of being on the road is getting to spend quality time with my man," Garth wrote. "We found this swinging bed in #texas and had to give it a spin!"

Jennie Garth Divorce 2

Jennie Garth Divorce 2

According to Entertainment Weekly, Scott and Abrams first met on a blind date in the fall of 2014. By the following March, they were engaged and married that July.

More: Tori Spelling & Jennie Garth Could Be Headed Back to TV Together

Two years into their marriage, Garth told InTouch Weekly (via Daily Mail) that she wasn't without insecurities in the relationship. At 46, Garth is a decade older than Abrams. Of course, age is just a number, but their gap gave Garth some pause.

"I'm married to a much younger man, and I want to stay looking good for him as long as possible," Garth told InTouch, revealing she planned to return to a regular gym routine.

The former Beverly Hills, 90210 star — who has been married three times — confesses that she struggled deeply when she and husband Peter Facinelli decided to split in 2012 after 11 years of marriage. "I was very resistant. I didn't want it to happen. It took me some time to come to peace with it," she told People at the time. Together, Garth and Facinelli share three kids: daughters Luca, 14, Lola, 9, and Fiona, 5.

More: Jennie Garth Has Found the Key to Co-Parenting With Your Ex

During this difficult time as Garth adjusts to the divorce she's currently going through (and life without Abrams), perhaps she'd do best to recall her own words from 2012. "I've gone through my darkest parts and I'm coming out it," she said. "I'm okay. I don't know what the future holds, but then I've never been a planner. And maybe that's a good thing."

Wise words from a strong woman — Garth has weathered a few bad storms over the years, but she always comes out on the other side with a sunny outlook.

Yes, Tax Anxiety Is Real — Here's How to Deal With It

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If the words "tax season" or "Tax Day" immediately make your heart race, you're in the company of many stressed-out, anxious people. Even before those dreaded W-2 forms arrive in the mailbox, anxiety about money is a constant companion for millions of people. According to Everyday Health’s Women’s Wellness Survey, 62 percent of millennials and 56 percent of Generation Xers worry about finances on a weekly basis.

Emily, a 27-year-old freelance graphic designer, tells SheKnows she's procrastinated filing her taxes for two reasons: She's nervous about making a mistake and she's afraid she'll owe money.

"This is my first year filing as a freelancer," Emily says. "I was pretty accustomed to the forms from my old corporate job, but this year's are basically like a foreign language to me. Plus, certain projects weren't taxed when I got paid in 2017 so I'll probably end up owing money and I really have no cushion in my bank account. I don't know what I'll do if I owe more than a few hundred dollars."

More: 9 Commonly Overlooked Tax Deductions You Can't Afford to Miss

Alicia, a 30-year-old marketing manager who relocated from New York to Oregon in 2017, also expressed anxiety over confusing forms. "I have to file for two different jobs, each in a different state, which I've never done before," she says. "And I have a separate form this year for my health insurance, so that's also new to me. I'm just really worried about making an honest mistake and then being audited."

Emily's and Alicia's words will probably sound painfully familiar to many people.

Kayce Hodos, a licensed professional counselor, tells SheKnows that tax season evokes anxiety because it's natural to be afraid of things we can't control and things we don't understand. "For most of us who do not have CPA training and expertise, strange terms like W-2, 1099, 1040, Schedule K and all the others send fear up our spines," Hodos says. "It's because we are extremely worried we have made some kind of major error throughout the year or we’re going to make some huge mistake or forget something important that will cause the IRS to come arrest us and throw us in jail."

More: What to Deduct From Your Taxes When You're Pregnant

Hodos suggests taking a step back and assessing what we're afraid of and why — because if we think about it rationally, the chances of the IRS arresting us over an error are basically nonexistent. Of course, it is fairly common to end up owing money, so this is a very valid concern. "[This] could be a big deal if you don’t have the money to pay the bill," Hodos says. "But even if that’s the case, you can ask the IRS for some kind of payment arrangement."

Heidi McBain, a professional counselor and licensed marriage and family therapist, tells SheKnows that being as prepared as possible can alleviate some of the anxiety and stress. "If you’ve had changes from years past it can be helpful to talk to a CPA so you’ll have some warning regarding how much you might owe this year," she suggests.

More: Claiming Dependents on Your Taxes: Who Qualifies & Who Doesn't?

Educating ourselves and being prepared can make tax season a little easier, but there's likely to be some level of anxiety no matter what. If your anxiety is intense and overwhelming, McBain suggests meeting with a therapist to learn new, healthy ways to deal with these feelings. Common coping techniques include learning to stay grounded, guided meditation and mindfulness exercises such as focusing on the five senses.

"Journaling can help [you] vent but also help [you] see where some of your negative reactions to money are coming from," McBain says. "Gratitude journals can help people focus on what truly matters and help them feel grateful for all they do have."

April 17 marks the end of tax season, so the end is in sight — and that's definitely something to be grateful for.

How to Handle Heated Political Conversations at the Office

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If you’re like most Americans, you’re probably tired of hearing coworkers ramble on about politics in the workplace. Even though we know it can take a psychological toll on us — more than 1 in 4 employees say they feel stressed out because of political discussions at work — some people still yammer on about health care, immigration, gun control and the revolving door of Trump’s White House.

So, when in the workplace, how can you deal with these political junkies who have different views than you or avoid talking about the stressful subject altogether?

Don’t offer your views

“Refrain from openly sharing your politics until you know what someone else’s politics are,” says Staci McIntosh, a human resources professional and author of the One-Hour Handbook book series. “If you know your colleague has opposing viewpoints from yours and is clearly trying to get your opinion, say, ‘I love it when people are involved in our democracy, and I really admire your passion! But I have a policy of not talking about it in the workplace.’ Then change the subject immediately.” That allows you to honor the person’s feelings without engaging in a discussion that may not be productive, she says.

Don’t engage

It may sound harsh but you don’t have to be mean to dissuade coworkers from arguing. Either skirt the conversation and let others ramble on or let colleagues know that you don’t want to talk about politics at work — and then maybe add a topic you’d love to discuss if they ever bring it up. Just be polite.

Change the subject

Next time you’re in the midst of a topic you’d rather not hear about, try to gently shift the direction of the conversation. A lighthearted question like, “Did you guys see what happened in the game last night?” may move the conversation to an easier-to-navigate topic.

More: Why the Idea of Landing Your "Dream Job" Is a Myth

Take it outside

If you’ve engaged in a dispute and it seems to be never-ending, let your colleagues know that you respect their differences and would like to move on. Still want to grapple it out? Find the right time and place; perhaps ask colleagues out for drinks after work and explain you’d rather duke it out there.

Alert a manager

If it really gets bad, don’t hesitate to talk to your manager or the human-resources director. Afraid of sounding like a tattletale? You don’t have to name names; just state what you’ve noticed happening and how it’s hurting business. Instead of whining, you can frame your request into something like, “I think we’d be more productive if we could keep discussion focused on work-related topics.” Still an issue? That’s where it may help to have an HR contact handy.

More: 10 Celebrities Who Have Become Powerful Political Activists

Be selective on­­­­­ social media

Even if you don’t talk about politics at work, you could fire up coworkers who are on your social media feed and see your posts there. Your best bet is to keep posting and tell them you don’t discuss politics at work should they ask about a post or use a filter so colleagues can’t see your political rants online. Whether you like bringing up the latest Trump drama or you don’t want to hear any more about it, use these tips to make sure talking about politics at work doesn’t ruin your day — or your career.

Originally posted on StyleCaster.

Our Favorite Blair Waldorf Quotes of All Time

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Over the course of six seasons, Blair Waldorf served as queen in more ways than one on Gossip Girl. As memorable as she was for her fashion and ruling Manhattan, B also had a way with words.

More: Gossip Girl Audition Moments That Are Must-Sees for Any Fan (VIDEO)

A lot of the time, Blair was a great role model for young girls, especially when she respected herself as a woman, embraced her sexuality and fought for her dreams. Granted, she wasn’t the most ethical person. Stabbing someone in the back or blackmailing people was second nature to her. But when Gossip Girl came to an end, Blair sort of turned a corner in a good way.

It was hard not to root for her, like when she was delivering a memorable or noteworthy quote. Yes, much of what she had to say was mean, cruel, selfish and demeaning. But, believe it or not, there were times when Blair had serious words of wisdom.

And with that, here are our favorite Blair quotes of all time.

1. "You need to be cold to be queen. Anne Boleyn thought only with her heart, and she got her head chopped off."

Blair Waldorf, Best Quotes

A classic Blair quote. And it's true. Sometimes, you have to be ruthless and keep on fighting to get what you want in life.

2. "Destiny is for losers. It's just a stupid excuse to wait for things to happen instead of making them happen."

Blair Waldorf, Best Quotes

Preach, Blair. Don't sit around waiting for something to happen. Whether it's falling in love or finding the perfect job or making your dream come true, you have to make it a reality.

3. "Well, here's my advice. Have a little faith, and if that doesn't work, have a lot of mimosas."

Blair Waldorf, Best Quotes

Mimosas make everything better.

4. “If you really want something, you don’t stop for anyone or anything until you get it."

Blair Waldorf, Best Quotes

Isn't that the truth? Don't let anyone or anything get in the way of your goals.

More: Gossip Girl Here to Tell You That Lonely Boy Penn Badgley Is Lonely No More

5. “Three words. Eight letters. Say it and I’m yours.”

Blair Waldorf, Best Quotes

Who can ever forget this epic Season 2 scene where Blair wanted Chuck to say "I love you"? Sadly, he couldn't do it, but it made for an unforgettable moment.

6. “Feelings never do make sense. They get you all confused. Then they drive you around for hours before they drop you right back where you started.”

Blair Waldorf, Best Quotes

Talk about an accurate description. Emotions can be the worst sometimes.

7. "Forget boys. Keep your eyes on the prize."

Blair Waldorf, Best Quotes

Look, not all men are bad. It's OK if you want to be in a relationship. But put yourself first and focus on what you want from life before love or marriage is an option. If you aren't happy with yourself, how can you be happy with someone else?

8. "I'm not a stop along the way. I'm a destination."

Blair Waldorf, Best Quotes

Yes, you are, Blair! Know your worth and recognize how amazing you are. You deserve to be treated like a destination, not a stop along the way.

More: Blake Lively & Ryan Reynolds Had the Best Dinner Party Ever

9. "You deserve someone who would move mountains for you if he had to."

Blair Waldorf, Best Quotes

Amen. If your partner doesn't treat you like you deserve, run like hell. Everyone in a relationship should be treated with respect.

10. "Nothing's holding me back anymore. I know what I want and I'm gonna get it."

Blair Waldorf, Best Quotes

Yes, Blair. Yes. Once you know what you want from life, what's stopping you? Go get it!

11. "What I want is to become a powerful woman."

Blair Waldorf, Best Quotes

That's right, you do.

12. "I will not be weak anymore."

Blair Waldorf, Best Quotes

Shout it from the rooftops!

More: 12 Gossip Girl Moments Blake Lively Probably Hopes Her Kid Never Sees

13. "If you're going to be sad, you might as well be sad in Paris."

Blair Waldorf, Best Quotes

Seriously, what's worse than sitting at home sulking? If you can do it in Paris or at Disney World or with friends at a bar, those are much better options.

14. "Damn that mother Chucker."

Blair Waldorf, Best Quotes

A classic Blair quote that just had to be included.

15. "I'm the best of the best. I'm Blair Waldorf."

Blair Waldorf, Best Quotes

Blair always loved herself and knew how amazing she was in all parts of life. This is how everyone should view themselves.

More: Married Life Has Dramatically Changed Who Leighton Meester Is

16. “There aren't enough curse words in the world to satisfy me right now.”

Blair Waldorf, Best Quotes

Seriously, sometimes you become so angry every swear word in the book won't do the trick.

17. "As you can see, I survived without you."

Blair Waldorf, Best Quotes

Like Blair survived without Chuck on multiple occasions, you, too, can survive on your own.

More: 12 Blair GIFs That Express How We Feel About Leighton Meester's Pregnancy

18. "You can’t make people love you, but you can make them fear you.”

Blair Waldorf, Best Quotes

Not everyone is going to like you, and that's OK. Also, when it comes to getting what you want, well, sometimes you have to take a stronger approach than normal.

19. "I've been waiting all summer to feel sparkly again, and I won't be pulled back into the darkness."

Blair Waldorf, Best Quotes

If someone doesn't make you feel sparkly, kick them to the curb. You deserve to shine, always.

20. "I lost my true self, but I want to be found."

Blair Waldorf, Best Quotes

Embrace your true self, and if you end up losing yourself along the way, you can always find yourself again.

21. "I would never put my fate in someone else's hands."

Blair Waldorf, Best Quotes

Asking for help is a good thing, but sometimes it's up to you to steer yourself in the right direction and get the job done.

More: All the Times We Wanted to Hug Blake Lively

22. "Don't act like I didn't fight for you. I did. Hard. For a long time. So, please, forgive me if now that we're over, I'm exhausted."

Blair Waldorf, Best Quotes

Sometimes you can only fight for so long for someone else and if it becomes too much in the process, it can be beyond exhausting. When or if it ever gets to that point, it's best to let them go and make yourself happy again.

Whether you were a fan of Blair or not, there's no denying she could uplift anyone with her wisdom.

Cardi B Flaunts Her Baby Bump on SNL, Confirms Pregnancy

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During her appearance on Saturday Night Live this weekend, Cardi B laid those pregnancy rumors to rest — by confirming them! The 25-year-old rapper pulled a fast one on fans for her first performance in the episode, performing a medley of “Bodak Yellow” and “Bartier Cardi” in a feathered coat that concealed her baby bump. It was during her second performance, the new single “Be Careful,” that the camera panned out to reveal Cardi in a belly-hugging white dress.

More: Love & Hip Hop's Cardi B. Gets Candid About Her Co-Stars (VIDEO)

In case that wasn’t clear enough, though, Cardi posted a tweet after SNL alluding to her expectant state. “I started winning when the whole world was doubting on me! think imma lose with my little baby counting on me?”

Cardi B Pregnant 2

Cardi B Pregnant 2

A short video also surfaced on Instagram in which Cardi B shouts, “I’m finally free!” after going backstage after her performance. No more hiding for this li'l mama, y’all.

Cardi B Pregnant 1

Cardi B Pregnant 1

Of course, it’s easy to predict she’ll slay at motherhood like she’s currently slaying the rap game. Case in point? She just released her debut album, Invasion of Privacy, and it is beelining straight for No. 1. And fans, well, they can’t get enough of Cardi’s lyrical magic.

Cardi B Pregnant 4

Cardi B Pregnant 4

Cardi B Pregnant 5

Cardi B Pregnant 5

Cardi B Pregnant 6

Cardi B Pregnant 6

Cardi B Pregnant 7

Cardi B Pregnant 7

Cardi B Pregnant 7

Cardi B Pregnant 7

Cardi B Pregnant 8

Cardi B Pregnant 8

Although it’s been speculated over the past few weeks that Cardi could be pregnant — TMZ broke the story two weeks ago, albeit without confirmation — the rapper has remained mum on the subject. She cleverly concealed her growing bump with flowy clothes or by taking pictures at strategic angles. On her social media feeds, she simply joked she was “getting fat.”

But per TMZ, Cardi is due the first week in July, meaning she’s done a damn good job of keeping her baby under wraps up to this point. She almost Kylie-Jennered the whole thing, if you will.

More: Brittany Kerr Aldean Opens Up About IVF Heartbreak & Considering Surrogacy

Her fiancé Offset managed to keep it quiet too, despite how excited the soon-to-be parents must be. The Migos rapper, who has three children from a previous relationship, finally made his feelings public following the SNL performance. “Cardi and I look forward to our next chapter together,” he tweeted, sharing a sweet photo of the two together.

Cardi B Pregnant 3

Cardi B Pregnant 3

Both rappers are set to take the stage at Coachella music festival this month, and more power to Cardi, right? Climbing a flight of stairs exhausted me when I was pregnant, much less performing for thousands in the middle of the desert. Kudos to the Bodak queen for embracing her pregnancy with gusto.

More: Dwayne Johnson Has Chosen His Birth Doula: Jimmy Kimmel

Now that the baby-Cardi is out of the bag, Mom and Dad should both be able to thoroughly (and openly) enjoy the time left before their family grows by one. Congrats to the couple!

Outrageous C-Section Myths, Busted

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It’s come to our attention that there are quite a few egregious myths out there regarding C-sections — so we decided to dispel some of these belly-birth falsehoods.

Whether you’ve had a cesarean birth or one might be in your future, shake off any feelings of judgment, because birth is birth. And currently, 41 percent of births in North America are C-sections. Besides, the way a baby comes into the world is not the main event — the new little person in the world is. And if their particular way out of the womb happens to be lifesaving, all the more reason to celebrate. And what better time to dispel myths than April, aka Cesarean Awareness Month? (Yes, that’s a thing.)

Occupational therapist Catherine Brooks knows so much about C-sections she invented a postpartum undergarment for use after the procedure. We spoke with her about some of the awful C-section myths that are still floating around out there. But be warned: Some of these myths (or even the facts) may be frightening to expectant parents. Read on at your own risk.

Myth 1: A woman's body is perfectly designed to have a vaginal birth

Um, but wait. Don't women sometimes die during childbirth? (Yes. Yes, they do.) According to the World Health Organization, 830 women die every day from pregnancy or childbirth-related complications. And that rate is down by about 44% since 1990. If we’re so “perfectly made” for childbirth, why do so many die? “We may have more cesareans and some questionable uses, but we have more safely delivered babies,” says Brooks. “We are made for having babies, yes. We are also at risk for catastrophic complications.”  

Myth 2: You failed

This is just silly. Of course you didn’t fail; you created a human. If anyone tells you the best or only way to be a good mom is by having a vaginal birth — well, feel free to tell them where they can stick it.

Myth 3: Your baby will have a weaker immune system

It's true that gut bacteria gets transferred from the mother’s vagina to the newborn during the trip down the birth canal. “Gut bacteria isn’t just impacted by delivery though," Brooks says. "Gestational age, the need for early antibiotics, delivery mode and feeding (breast or bottle) all impact this.” These days, plenty of parents and medical teams are “colonizing” C-section babies with cotton swabs that contain vaginal flora. The secretions are transferred to the baby’s mouth. Gross, but maybe effective.

Myth 4: Your baby has less "fight" in them from being plucked out vs. traveling through the canal

This one is so weird. After all, a feisty personality is no match for a pubic bone (just ask my daughter).

Myth 5: Kids born from C-sections have more allergies/asthma

It’s true a study published in PLOS Medicine showed a correlation between cesareans and diseases such as asthma. But this is one of those instances where correlation doesn’t necessarily equal causation. Mothers with major health issues generally have c-sections: Diabetes, high blood pressure, or many other issues can be cause for a cesarean. That means their babies might be predisposed to health issues. In short, it may not be the cesarean causing the asthma. So, yes, more babies born via C-section have asthma, but that's because so many mothers with severe asthma had to receive a C-section. It actually hasn't been conclusively proven that there is a correlation between a C-section and health complications.

Myth 6: C-sections cause autism

Oh, boy. No, they don’t. A review of studies at one point linked a risk of autism with cesareans, but it’s since been discounted, according to Medscape. (Sound familiar? The same thing happened with vaccines.) “Follow-up studies of over 2 million babies show that the first study was not correct and more likely was a measure of genetic or environmental clause,” says Brooks. In this day and age, parents are grasping at straws for explanations regarding autism (see: vaccines). But C-sections are not a cause (and neither, let's just say it again for the back row, are vaccines).

Myth 7: You won’t bleed vaginally postpartum if you have a C-section

This one is just annoying. A baby didn’t come out there, so what’s with the blood? In short, hormones. Unfortunately, you may experience bleeding post-cesarean just like someone who gave birth vaginally.

Myth 8: If your first birth was a C-section, the rest will be too

This isn’t always the case, though of course it depends on your situation and why you needed a C-section. But many women go on to have a VBAC, or vaginal birth after cesarean. If your doctor has OK’d you for a VBAC, statistics are on your side. “Most VBACs are complication-free,” says Brooks, referring to the scariest complication: uterine rupture. However, 1% of women who undergo a VBAC experience potentially catastrophic uterine rupture, according the the Mayo Clinic. “Such a small number, but I wasn’t willing to take a chance of a worse outcome,” says Brooks of her cesarean. “My awesome OB let me consider VBAC, discussed my case with me, and after that, off to schedule the cesarean we went. Knowing my reasons for a cesarean, not everyone else’s helped me. Understanding the numbers and risks helped me to bond, to feel closure, to not feel like a ‘failure.’” 

Myth 9: You won’t bond with your baby if they're born via C-section

Someone even told my friend that “science has proven that babies born via C-section are less attached to their mothers.” Or maybe you're worried you’ll miss out on skin-to-skin or breastfeeding if you have a C-section. But none of that is true. You can have skin-to-skin contact immediately after a cesarean just like after a vaginal birth. Brooks points out that if the bonding myth were true, “In the '50s, '60s and '70s when babies were whisked away from moms and placed in a room of plexiglass cribs, entire generations of babies would have had hugely impacted bonding!” 

Myth 10: It's the "easy" option

If you consider major abdominal surgery and a hefty, painful recovery “easy,” then sure! “This is almost funny,” says Brooks. “A 7-centimeter incision to pull an 8-or-so-pound object out of your uterus isn’t easy! Neither is pushing one out of the birth canal. Both methods have pros and cons, and neither are easy.” There are just two ways out of that belly, and neither one is a walk in the park.

Myth 11: You’ll feel cheated by the birth

This one really depends on the individual, but I for one do not feel cheated by my two cesareans. We all came out of it healthy, so I actually feel lucky. “All women have different markers for ‘closure’ and success,” says Brooks. “The real problem is perception and external shame-on-you attitudes perpetuated by others. This is reinforced because most moms don’t have the medical expertise to understand some of the subtle reasons for cesareans.”  

Myth 12: OBs will pressure you to have a C-section even if it isn’t necessary

There’s nothing wrong with questioning your doctor or looking at ways to safely reduce surgical births, says Brooks. However, the “high” cesarean rate comes from a few things: better fetal monitoring so doctors know when babies are in distress, avoiding arm damage, breech risks and the potentially complicated VBAC. Brooks also points out that there are fewer forceps and vacuum deliveries (they have their own risks), which ups the C-section rate. “Cesarean delivery just happens to be a way to avoid some of the unknown and high-risk complications like rupture or paralyzed arm or fetal distress.” 

The decision of whether to do a C-section can be a delicate one, and social pressure about vaginal birth can be harmful to women. “Even the term ‘natural’ delivery defaults to [C-sections being] ‘unnatural,’” Brooks points out. “And there is certainly something wrong with moms feeling bad about any way they delivery their healthy, beautiful new baby.” 

The decision of whether to have a C-section can be a delicate one (if there even is a decision), and social pressure regarding vaginal birth can add an extra layer of stress. “Even the term ‘natural’ delivery defaults to ‘unnatural,’” Brooks points out. “And there is certainly something wrong with moms feeling bad about any way they delivery their healthy, beautiful new baby.” So let’s put these C-section myths to rest and celebrate birth, whatever the method. Because as my OB told me, the actual birth is just one day, but parenthood is a lifetime.

c-section myths debunked

Miranda Lambert & Anderson East Break Up, for Real This Time (Maybe)

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It's official, y'all — Miranda Lambert and Anderson East have decided to go their separate ways after two years together, according to Us Weekly. While this isn't the first time the outlet has speculated the country couple broke up, multiple sources have reportedly confirmed the split.

More: Miranda Lambert Shares Sweet Photo to Celebrate 2 Years With Anderson East

Lambert and East have become one of country music's favorite pairs since they started seeing each other in December 2015, shortly after her divorce from Blake Shelton. In an interview with CMT After MidNite, East revealed that he and Lambert enjoyed a pretty precious meet-cute, saying, "Randomly enough, she came to one of my shows... A friend of hers introduced us."

Although their relationship was first billed as a simple rebound for the "Vice" singer in the wake of her divorce, Lambert and East proved otherwise the more invested they became in each other's lives. Over the years, they have popped up frequently on each other's social media. They've walked red carpets together at award shows. By all appearances, they were happy.

More: Are Blake Shelton & Gwen Stefani Trying to Get Pregnant?

Until they weren't, as can sometimes be the case with relationships. At a concert in March, Lambert hinted at heartbreak while speaking to her fans.

"I make it my mission every single time I step on the stage that no matter what, no matter where I am, I want to make you feel everything you could possibly feel. I want you to feel sad, mad, happy and nostalgic and really pissed sometimes. That's my favorite. And part of feelings is also heartbreak, unfortunately, but fortunately for me, I can use it for my art or whatever," Lambert said before launching into the aching ballad "Tin Man."

Lambert has made it clear in the past that she doesn't try to run from her pain. Rather, she pours it a drink and greets it at the door. "I just want to live a life full of everything. Some of that might mean nights on my porch crying, drinking whiskey and going, 'Man, this sucks right now,'" she told Cosmopolitan about her divorce in 2016. "I don't necessarily want to know that I have really bad, long, lonely nights ahead of me, but I have had some, and I still have a bunch ahead of me."

More: One of Country Music's Favorite Couples Called It Quits

Ugh, we've all been there, huh? Breakups are the worst. Lambert will undoubtedly come out on the other side of this split with renewed strength and an armload of killer songs. But, until then, a bit of porch cryin' (and drinkin') may be in order, and there's nothing wrong with that.

Sandra Oh Credits Grey's Anatomy for Her TV Comeback

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It's hard not to be happy that actress Sandra Oh will be gracing our TV screens each week in the new BBC America series Killing Eve. At the same time, it's hard not to be sad, too — the new role makes her return to Grey's Anatomy as the inimitable Cristina Yang even less likely. In an interview with The Hollywood Reporter, though, Oh gave due credit to the time she spent in Shondaland.

More: Dr. Yang Could Return to Grey's Anatomy

"There are so many profound things that Grey's gave me. I always feel like [it's a question of] how do you want to grow?" she told THR of fielding pilot offers since she left ABC. "That decade on Grey's was such an important experience of my life that the next thing that I was going to do had to feel as important and as interesting."

Which is precisely why, Oh says, she turned down every pilot that came her way until Killing Eve. That's when everything finally clicked into place. "When I read the pilot, I immediately got her voice," Oh said of Killing Eve's creator, Phoebe Waller-Bridge. "And from our first read-through, I felt confident in it. Did I fall in love? I did. I found the right person."

Suffice it to say that Oh's new character, Eve, doesn't have a lot in common with the Cristina Yang we all came to know and love at Grey Sloan Memorial Hospital. Based on the novellas by Luke Jennings, Killing Eve centers on an assassin (played by Jodie Comer) and the security services operative tasked with tracking her down (played by Oh).

Sandra Oh TV 2

Sandra Oh TV 2

More: 10 Struggles Every Grey's Anatomy Fan Knows to Be Real

For Oh, it's a role that was worth waiting for — and one she may not have waited for, if not for her career-defining stretch on Grey's. "Oh, absolutely, yes, [Grey's] gave me the time and confidence to wait," she said. And judging by the advance response and reviews for Killing Eve, Oh made a wise choice. The show, which debuts on Sunday night, was picked up for a second season before the first even aired.

As for the age-old (or, like, four-year-old) question of whether Oh will ever revisit Grey's, well, it's not the best news for fans of the medical drama. Citing how firmly she has stepped into the shoes of a new character on Killing Eve, Oh pointed out that it "would be hard to step out of them and go back into an old pair of shoes that might be honestly too tight."

More: Ellen Pompeo Thinks This Is Why 2 Grey's Anatomy Stars Are Leaving

But, hey, that means she's fully committed to Killing Eve, right? While we might not be able to get Cristina Yang back, we can trust Oh's creative instincts and throw ourselves behind the next fierce, complex and kickass character she brings to our screens.

Kristen Bell Has a Very Zen Opinion About Channing Tatum & Jenna Dewan Tatum's Split

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If Kristen Bell ever decides acting is no longer for her, she could have a solid career as a marriage counselor. She has always been open about her own journey with husband Dax Shepard through couples counseling and has frequently dispensed some nuggets of wisdom she's gleaned from her experiences. It's like she's become a bit of an unofficial go-to when it comes to getting some much-needed perspective about topics like love and marriage — and we're all the better for it.

Bell recently dispensed some of this wisdom while at an event for This Bar Saves Lives and related it back to the celebrity split currently rocking Hollywood: Channing Tatum and Jenna Dewan Tatum. For anyone still hurting over this split, listen up. Bell's Zen advice is just the thing you need to hear to process it.

More: Channing Tatum & Jenna Dewan Tatum Announce Split With the Sweetest Statement Ever

While Bell gets why so many people are upset or even just the human embodiment of "WTF?" Bell said, "I also think we're not looking at the whole picture when we sort of idolize the relationship. Like, those two, that may be a better path for both of them and they're both lovely people and they're still friends and that's OK."

Bell, ever the Zen marriage master, continued to explain why Tatum and Dewan Tatum's split is really going to be the best for everyone, including their fans: "It's OK to feel like, I went through 10 years with you, I love you and now I feel like I want something different and so do you. Like it doesn't have to be a heartbreak, I guess is what I mean. It could actually be the healthiest thing for both individuals to thrive and it could also be the best example for your kids."

More: Channing Tatum & Jenna Dewan Tatum’s Split Seems a Lot Like Conscious Uncoupling

I told you Bell always seems to have the right answer, didn't I? Truly, it's a masterful insight into this situation, and hopefully, it's one that gets everyone to take a serious chill pill; we shouldn't be as upset about this split as some of us are. This situation isn't all doom and gloom. Doing the tough thing and doing the right thing are sometimes one and the same, and that's exactly what happened with Tatum and Dewan Tatum.

Bell happens to know a thing or two about doing the tough thing and the right thing too. She and Shepard have been in therapy for a few years now, and it's helped them navigate their ever-changing relationship, how to communicate and how to focus on what's important. It must be working like gangbusters too, because in the same interview, she said of her relationship with Shepard, "Well I'll tell you this, I highly doubt we will ever break up because we're just... we're in too deep and I like him too much. Even when he's annoying I really like him. I'm still like, 'I still wanna be on the porch with you when I'm 80, but I really need you to get out of my face right now.'"

More: The Real (& Only) Reason Channing Tatum & Jenna Dewan Tatum Are Splitting

As for Tatum and Dewan Tatum, these two are moving right along with their lives, and it's very much business as usual. While the two have stayed off social media since making their split announcement, they've made it clear in their own ways this split is very real. Over the weekend, Dewan Tatum was spotted without her wedding ring for the first time while she was out and about. For his part, Tatum was recently seen running errands with daughter, Everly, a sure sign he's still focused on his dad duties.

Is Cooking With Aluminum Foil Toxic?

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Honestly, most of us cook with aluminum foil without really giving it a second thought — even though in the back of our minds, we probably vaguely remember hearing somewhere that it's not the wisest thing to do. Still, we wrap those baked potatoes, grill our fish and line baking pans with foil on a regular basis.

But it's really time to stop: According to a study from 2012, cooking with aluminum foil is toxic for you and poses extreme health risks.

The study, published in the International Journal of Electrochemical Science, asserts that aluminum can leach from the foil into your food. It's especially true for spicy and acidic foods, which is troubling considering how many of the foods we cook and grill in the summer are drenched in spicy, vinegary marinades.

This is scary because excessive aluminum intake can wreak havoc on your health. According to the study, "High concentrations of aluminum have been detected in brain tissues of patients with Alzheimer's disease ... Aluminum reduces the growth rate of human brain cells." At the end of the day, the researchers say, "The aluminum health effects are far too vast to even [be] summarized."

More: 13 Things Vegans Can't Eat (Even Though They Seem Totally Fine)

However, both the Alzheimer’s Society of Canada and the Alzheimer’s Association’s stance is that aluminum is not a risk factor for the disease. And while cooking with aluminum foil can increase the amount of aluminum in your food, the amounts are very small and deemed safe by researchers. In all, it remains unclear whether aluminum truly poses a risk for Alzheimer’s, but there's no harm in being cautious.

For instance, you can always use this hack: To make sure your food doesn't actually come into contact with the aluminum foil, line the foil with parchment paper first. This way, you still get to enjoy the versatility and durability of foil, especially when cooking over high heat on the grill, but your food isn't touching the foil itself, so no aluminum can leach into it.

In the meantime, you should also remember not to cook your food in these:

1. Plastic wrap that's not "microwave-safe"

Unless your plastic wrap is marked "microwave-safe," don't microwave it — it could leach BPA and polyphenols into your food. It's also recommended to ensure the wrap doesn't touch the actual food.

2. Plastic takeout containers that aren't "microwave-safe"

Again, unless a plastic container is marked "microwave-safe," you're better off heating your food in something else.

3. Styrofoam that's not marked "microwave-safe"

Especially if you're reheating oily or greasy foods, microwaving Styrofoam can cause it to melt.

4. One-time-use plastic containers

Plastic containers for yogurt, margarine, etc., aren't made to withstand the heat of the microwave and can melt.

5. Old mugs & ceramics

Some mugs and ceramics made in the 1960s or earlier are glazed with substances that can leach dangerous chemicals into your food. They can also react badly to the heat of the microwave, leaving you with burnt fingers when you try to retrieve it.

By avoiding the materials above, you'll be able to heat and eat your favorite foods without having to worry that you're eating toxins as well. And I think we can all agree that a fear-free snacking sesh is always a good thing.

More: All the Fruits & Vegetables to Pick Up at the Farmers Market This Spring

Pin it! Aluminum Foil & 5 Other Common Kitchen Items That Are Toxic When Used to Cook

A version of this article was originally published in July 2016.

How to Grill Tender, Fall-Off-the-Bone Ribs: The Do’s & Don'ts

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Cooking ribs can be tricky. Do it right, and you've got flavorful, tender meat that is pretty much what dreams are made of — but one false move and you'll be stuck gnawing rubbery, tough flesh off a bone like a caveman.

With grilling season just around the corner, mastering the art of perfect ribs is important. And everything — from the quality of meat you choose and the temperature of the grill to the flavor of the barbecue sauce — makes a difference.

Ready to learn how grill tender, fall-off-the-bone ribs? Follow this step-by-step guide, and your backyard barbecue guests will be talking about your ribs forever.

More: How to Tenderize Meat: 6 Easy Ways to Tame Those Tough Cuts

1. Make a rub

The first thing in preparing tender ribs is creating a rub that's sure to delight your taste buds and add to the ribs' already delicious flavor. We like to keep things simple with a rub consisting of just three ingredients:  salt, pepper and cayenne pepper.

After applying a generous amount of the rub to the ribs, let them sit and marinate for a good 30 minutes.

2. Precook the ribs

Most people place their ribs directly on the grill after they marinate. Though this will produce delicious ribs, we recommend precooking them in the oven first. Wrap the ribs in foil, and place them in the oven at 300 degrees F for 45 minutes. Precooking them helps intensify the flavor and naturally brings out the juices, ensuring your ribs will be anything but dry.

3. Grill the ribs

This is the easy part! Place the ribs over indirect, medium heat on your grill. The temperature should be about 325 degrees F. Cover the grill, and cook the ribs for approximately two hours.

Do not check on the ribs for the first 30 minutes — this is crucial! If you open the grill too many times, you put the ribs at risk of drying out.

After the two hours are up, use a fork to make sure the ribs pull off the bone easily. If so, they are done. If you're using barbecue sauce, now is the time to slather the ribs in it.

What is indirect heat? The cooking does not take place directly over the heat. If you're using a gas grill, turn on half the burners, and place the ribs on the unheated side. This allows them to cook more slowly and evenly and makes it less likely for them to burn. You can learn how to create an indirect heat zone on your grill, with tips from celebrity chef Michael Symon.

More: Take Your Steak-Cooking Skills to the Next Level With 9 Simple Tips

4. Cool the ribs

After the ribs are fully cooked, take them off the grill, and let them rest for 10 to 15 minutes. Allowing the meat to rest lets the moisture build up again and prevents the juices from running out of the ribs as you cut them. If you cut the meat right away, you lose a ton of vital juices pertinent to the overall flavor. We know you're hungry and your mouth is watering, but it's worth waiting an extra 10 minutes.

Common grilling mistakes

The most common mistakes people tend to make when grilling ribs — or grilling meat in general — include:

  • Grilling over direct heat. Any meat that is two inches thick or more should be grilled indirectly.
  • Putting on the barbecue sauce too soon. Save this for the end. You don't want the sauce to burn.
  • Peeking too often. If the recipe calls for a closed grill, do your best to not peek. Once per hour is fine, but any more than that, and you run the risk of losing too much moisture.
  • Getting tipsy. We know it's more fun to grill with a drink in hand, but try to limit yourself to just one until the food is served.
tips for grilling ribs
A version of this article was originally published in May 2013.

Jennifer Lopez Is the Fanciest Person to Have Ever Attended a Baseball Game

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I've never really been one for sports (either playing or watching to be perfectly honest) but I will say that if I had to choose, I'd certainly choose to be a spectator, and if I did it, I'd really make it an event. Get the best seats, round up a posse of pals who want to do it up right and dress like the snazziest person there so you can really make a statement. We see spectators go all out at events like Wimbledon; why not make this the universal protocol for watching a sporting event?

More: Jennifer Lopez & Alex Rodriguez Are Planning for the Future With a New Home Purchase

Well, it looks like Jennifer Lopez and I have precisely the same idea about attending a live sporting event where wardrobe is concerned because earlier this month, she attended an LA Dodgers baseball game looking like the 2018 version of Jackie O. Truly, look at this very chic outfit — from the cream, knee-length coat to the swishy high ponytail — and compare it to every other person in the photo who looks as relaxed as can be in varying degrees of casual attire.

Jennifer Lopez at a Dodgers baseball game on April 1Image: Victor Decolongon/Getty Images

As if this look weren't enough, photographers were able to catch a glimpse of the outfit Lopez wore underneath that stunning, not-at-all-baseball-gameworthy cream coat, and it's truly the most glam outfit I have ever witnessed someone sporting at, well, a sporting event.

This is an outfit that is doing the most while also reminding the rest of us plebes that Lopez is a goddess among us mere mortals. If she's going to swerve from the traditional baseball-watching attire, she's going to swerve into the realm of fierce, regal and truly stunning. Those diamond earring. The leather gloves. The baby-pink cocktail dress.

I. Am. Dead.

Jennifer Lopez at a Dodgers baseball game April 2018

More: Jennifer Lopez Talks Alex Rodriguez on Their One-Year Anniversary

It seems like this trend of being the fanciest person at a sporting event (move over Beyoncé — am I right or am I right?) is something Lopez's been doing for a little while now. During the Dodgers opening day ceremony, Lopez was spotted once again looking chic as hell, with '90s hoop earring realness and a black dress with the back cut out.

Jennifer Lopez at Dodgers Opening Day

More: J.Lo & A-Rod Are Taking the Big Leap Into Domesticity

If this is the standard Lopez is setting for baseball-watching attire, I am totally OK with it. In fact, I think we should all rise to the occasion and start donning our fanciest duds whenever we go to a sporting event (move over Wimbledon — am I right or am I right?) and make sure we turn as many heads with our clothes as the athletes do with their skills. Who's in?

Amazon Inexplicably Shut Down Hundreds, Possibly Thousands of Prime Accounts

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Hundreds, possibly thousands, of Amazon Prime members were left furious after they were locked out of their accounts over the past week. And they have no idea why.

More: This Amazon Prime Feature Lets You Sample Beauty Products for a Low Price

According to Business Insider, affected customers were unable to access previously purchased e-books, video, preloaded gift cards and orders in the mail and also unable to sign into and use devices like Amazon's Kindle and Fire TV.

Starting last week, those with mysteriously blocked accounts flocked to social media to complain about their experience and the lack of explanation about their accounts were closed. Some are even threatening lawsuits against Amazon.

One customer in particular, Tina White from Massachusetts, told Business Insider she realized her account was closed on March 29; and since then, she has talked to Amazon representatives every day for hours.

"They told lie after lie every single day," White said. She continued to say that the only explanation she received from representatives is that she violated "Amazon policy" or "review policy." That's it.

White was far from the only customer to complain.

Amazon users furious tweets

Amazon users furious tweets

More: 6 Apps & Programs That'll Help Limit Your Time on Social Media

People have taken to Facebook, as well. In fact, there are at least two Facebook groups created specifically about the Amazon closures. One called Amazon Account Closure Discussion Group has over 3,300 members, while another called Class Action Against Amazon — with nearly 900 members — pledges to file a class-action lawsuit. "Amazon has progressed from allowing us to leave reviews for a discount to closing our accounts with [gift card] balances and credits and items needing returns and/or exchanged," the group description states. "They have in effect stolen our money. Unfair business practices. [It's] time to address all our grievances with the company Amazon."

Amazon provided a statement to Business Insider, stating: "Customer trust is one of Amazon's top priorities. To protect that trust, we take a number of actions, including closing accounts that have violated our policies. If a customer has a question about their account, we recommend they contact customer service so we can investigate and take appropriate action."

And on April 6, an Amazon spokesperson told Fortune: "Amazon has taken action against bad actors and those who have violated our community rules. If any customers believe their account has been closed in error, we encourage them to contact us directly so we can review their account and take appropriate action."

Amazon hasn't spoken out about the closures since. In the meantime, if you're one of the hundreds, maybe thousands, with a now-deactivated account, may the odds be ever in your favor and good luck with customer service.


12 Ways We Can Get One Step Closer to Pay Equity

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You probably already know the stats provided by the Economic Policy Institute’s State of Working America Data Library: White women make about 80 cents to a white man’s dollar. Black women make 65 cents to a white man’s dollar, Native women make just 57 cents. And in case that data wasn’t stark enough, if trends continue as they have been, the American Association of University Women says women aren’t likely to reach pay equity until 2059.

We think that isn’t good enough, and in honor of Equal Pay Day on April 10, we’ve outlined real, actionable ways to start to close the gender pay gap.

Ready to get paid? Here we go.

1. Pay transparency

Federal employees' salaries are public record and searchable online, including whether they receive bonuses. Although people tend to bristle at the idea of their salary being publicly documented, the practice could make it easier for people to ask for the right dollar amount and know sooner if they’re not being paid fairly.

More: 6 Signs You're Not Getting the Job

2. Ban questions about salary history

Have you ever filled out a job application or been in an interview just to be asked what you made at your current or previous employer? That practice can give hiring managers more room to negotiate your offer down. A few cities, states and territories have already started banning the question, but there’s more work to be done.

3. Make childcare affordable

One reason the wage gap persists, according to research by Henrik Kleven, an economist at Princeton University, may be that women take more time off work to care for children. That’s partly because childcare is prohibitively expensive, sometimes as much or more than a mortgage payment. Finding a way to make childcare affordable could keep more women in the game as well as boost the overall economic wellness of American families.

More: Not Answering Emails After Work Could Soon Be a Legal Right

4. Make companies justify pay disparities

In 2016, California passed a law that requires companies to justify any pay discrepancies between male and female employees who are doing similar work. Rather than relying on employees to make a case for unfair pay rates, the law puts the onus on companies. More laws like this could help even the playing field.

5. Raise the minimum wage

Women are more likely to have minimum-wage jobs, says the National Women's Law Center. Raising the minimum wage — as cities like Seattle, Washington, and San Francisco, California, and states like New York have done — could help put women on better footing.

6. Start talking salaries with trusted coworkers

The government has taken significant action to allow employees and contractors to openly discuss their salaries without repercussion. Being honest about what we’re making and having coworkers who are honest in return can help us get a sense of whether we’re being paid fairly.

More: 7 Social Media Habits That Disqualified Real Candidates, According to Hiring Managers

7. Mandate paid parental leave

It’s time the U.S. catches up with the rest of the world and mandate family leave — if not on a federal level, then on a state level. According to data compiled on 41 countries by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, the U.S. is the only one that doesn't have any federal requirements for family leave behind countries like Estonia — which, by the way, offers more than a year and a half of paid leave — Romania, Japan and Korea. Parental leave would allow women to take time off work to care for young children while still having a job to go back to and without taking a serious financial hit.

8. File complaints to the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

Get familiar with what justifies pay discrimination, and if you feel you have a case, file with the EEOC.

9. Advocate for more flexible work schedules

If you’re in a leadership position at a company, advocate for flexible work schedules. Flex schedules are attractive to parents with young children and could allow women to stay in the workforce.

10. Demand & provide regular feedback

According to research by the Harvard business review, women are more likely to get vague feedback about what they’re doing well or not well, and it often focuses on their personalities or communication style rather than their work output. Asking for — or if you’re in a management position, providing — regular documented feedback on measurable qualities can help combat unconscious bias and provide evidence for future raises.

11. Brush up on your negotiation skills & ask for more

It’s uncomfortable to ask for more money, but negotiating for a raise or a higher offer at a new job is one way women can increase earnings in their own lives.

12. Organize & call your reps

Legislative actions won't happen if we don't consistently organize and put pressure on our local representatives.

Lesley Murphy & Dean Unglert Explain Their Bachelor Breakup

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If you're like me and have been a part of Bachelor Nation since Season 1 (16 years strong), then you know to take each relationship or engagement with a grain of salt. Sure, there are some couples you root for, but they fell in love on national reality TV, and the Bachelor doesn't historically have the best success rate — from what I can tell, 13 out of 53 couples are still together. That's not great odds, folks.

So all the breakup news coming out of Bachelor's latest spin-off show, Bachelor: Winter Games, probably isn't much of a shock. Since the season wrapped up Feb. 22, 2018, all the remaining couples have called it quits except one — Lily McManus and Courtney Dober (who are disgustingly cute and reportedly living together in Los Angeles, by the way).

More: 8 Bachelor and Bachelorette Stars Who Don't Support the Franchise Anymore

The latest duo to call it quits after four months of dating is Lesley Murphy and Dean Unglert. Both took to Instagram to address the breakup, and from the looks of things, they agree the split it was mainly Unglert's fault.

"As I've gotten older, I've learned that although everyone DESERVES love, it's not something we're entitled to," Unglert confessed to his followers. "Love takes work. Love is compromise. Love is earned. I still have a lot of work to do on myself, a lot to prove to myself, before I'm ready for something like that."

Dean Unglert on Bachelor breakup

Dean Unglert on Bachelor breakup

More: 10 People Who Swear the Bachelor in Paradise Scandal Was Scripted

Murphy also posted about the breakup, telling fans she felt she owed them an explanation. "I know it’s imperative to find someone who chooses us and acknowledges our many layers who can be open and vulnerable, and most importantly, who is ready," Murphy wrote. "To meet someone and be met. To be chosen and to choose. To love and to be loved. This is everything. All we need is that same energy reciprocated, and despite how open and loving you attempt to be, people can only meet you as deeply as they’ve met themselves."

Lesley Murphy on 'Bachelor' break up

Lesley Murphy on 'Bachelor' break up

Well, there you have it, Bachelor Nation. Unglert just isn't ready for love, which is something we pretty much knew after his tumultuous relationships with Kristina Schulman and Danielle Lombard on Bachelor in Paradise. Plus, he could never handle confrontation without giggling on Rachel Lindsay's season of The Bachelorette. Unglert's still a kid (26 years old, to be exact) and has some growing up to do, but at least he recognizes that.

More: A Look at All of the Bachelor Engagement Rings Through the Years

As Murphy said, it was a "long winter" and now it's time for "spring cleaning to commence." So, who's ready for Bachelor in Paradise? I move we leave Unglert at home this go around.

Did You See Pauley Perrette’s Final Goodbye to the NCIS Cast?

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After 15 years on the job, Pauley Perrette is saying farewell to the role that has helped make her a household name as Abby Sciuto on the CBS show NCIS. On Friday, April 6, the actor posted a series of farewell photos to her Twitter account that showed her cozying up to various costars looking incredibly happy, but at the same time, there's a palpable tinge of sadness permeating the photos. This goodbye is clearly a difficult one, not only for Perrette but also for the rest of the NCIS cast. Brace yourselves, NCIS fans, because this goodbye is going to be a ridiculously tough one.

More: NCIS Veteran Actor Pauley Perrette Announces She's Leaving the Show

Captioning a set of four photos on her Twitter with the very upbeat sentiment "Finished shooting my last scene of NCIS with @SeanHMurray @BrianDietzen @EmilyWickersham @WValderrama Airs May 8th. LOVE Y’ALL!!!" Perrette was clearly trying to keep it light and positive while also giving us a peek into her final days on set. Despite her best efforts, though, Perrette's tears did make an appearance in a photo she took with costar Wilmer Valderrama, who is kissing her cheek.

Pauley Perrette NCIS Goodbye Tweet

Pauley Perrette NCIS Goodbye Tweet

Perrette wasn't the only one marking her final day on set. In fact, costar Sean Murray also posted a very sweet photo of the two of them on the same day Perrette posted her photos. Simply captioned "[M]e and @PauleyP #NCIS," the photo of these longtime costars is enough to give fans all the sentimental feels.

Sean Murray Pauley Perrette NCIS Farewell Photo

Sean Murray Pauley Perrette NCIS Farewell Photo

More: Seriously, Don't Worry — NCIS Will Be Just Fine Without Michael Weatherly

Perrette announced in October 2017 she would be leaving NCIS after a lengthy run. On Twitter, she said that contrary to the rumors that had been swirling around in the news, she was leaving on good terms with CBS and the folks at NCIS and that she had made the decision around a year before she even announced it. It's not clear what Perrette plans to do after NCIS. Her IMDb page doesn't list any upcoming projects and she hasn't indicated on social media what her plans are. Maybe she's planning to get some much-needed R&R. We certainly wouldn't be surprised.

More: Give NCIS' Abby Sciuto Her Own Spin-off Show

Saying goodbye is never easy, but luckily, Perrette has left NCIS fans with plenty of good memories to keep them warm as she moves on to new projects.

Catherine Zeta-Jones & Daughter Carys Are Stunning Twins in This Photo

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Catherine Zeta-Jones and daughter Carys (with husband Michael Douglas) have recently been spotted out on the town twinning — and winning at fashion. The mother-daughter pair looks ridiculously alike, what with their dark locks and chic ensembles. They recently attended an event together for Dolce & Gabbana at the New York Metropolitan Opera House, which Zeta-Jones shared video of on her Instagram yesterday. Let's just say we've never looked this fab in any photo with our moms.

More: Catherine Zeta-Jones Reflects on 17 Years of Marriage to Michael Douglas

Zeta-Jones captioned the clip, "Just arriving at the Dolce and Gabbana show with Carys. We are so excited."

Zeta-Jones

Zeta-Jones

Catherine Zeta-Jones and daughter with Michael Kors

Carys is almost 15 and has a brother, Dylan, as well as an older half-brother, Cameron (Michael Douglas' son with his first wife, Diandra Luker).

Zeta-Jones and Carys (whose full name is Carys Zeta Douglas) also stole the show at the Michael Kors Collection Spring 2018 Runway Show in September 2017. Zeta-Jones rocked an all-black outfit, while Carys added a pop of bright yellow in the form of a patterned miniskirt. Their shoes? Nearly matching. Again, we never made it a point to match shoes with our moms. And apparently, we missed out.

More: Catherine Zeta-Jones' Secret to Amazing Skin? Pumpkin

On the way to the September Kors show, Zeta-Jones posted a sweet Instagram video clip of her and her "petite fille" — "my little daughter," Zeta-Jones clarifies.

Kors Zeta Jones

Kors Zeta Jones

The two are obviously super-close and share a passion for fashion. Carys also likes to return her mom's social media love with throwback pics, like this sweet snap last Mother's Day.

carys

carys

The caption is adorable: "thank you mummy for endless laughs, I love you endlessly. Happy Mother's Day."

Yup, Zeta-Jones and her mini-me are definitely #MotherDaughterGoals. Maybe we'll start with trying to talk our daughters into matching Target bedroom slippers. No?

A Complete List of Mandy Moore's Best Moments in Hollywood

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Mandy Moore exploded onto the pop scene in 1999 with the single "Candy," off her debut album, So Real. Disney played the single's music video almost on loop, it hit the Total Request Live Top 10 a few times and it peaked at No. 41 on the Billboard Hot 100. Moore was just 15 when she was "missing you like candy," and in the 19 years since the single's release, she's taken Hollywood by storm.

With six studio albums now under her belt, the pop star has crossed over into acting, fashion design and philanthropy. Moore made her film debut in 2001, voicing one of the animals in Dr. Dolittle 2, then starred opposite Anne Hathaway in Disney's The Princess Diaries. And of course, we can't forget her moving performance as Jamie Sullivan in A Walk to Remember in 2002.

Most recently, Moore has been breaking our hearts every week as Rebecca Pearson on This Is Us.

More: Mandy Moore Receives Emergency Stitches After Giving Herself a Black Eye

With every step Moore takes, one thing remains totally, utterly unarguable: we love her. So, in honor of her 34th birthday on April 10, we've compiled a list of some of her best moments in Hollywood. Get the tissues ready — trust me, for some of these moments, you'll need them!

The "Candy" music video, 1999

Mandy Moore, Candy

Mandy Moore, Candy

As they always say, let's begin at the beginning. Without this bubblegum pop single, we wouldn't know Mandy Moore at all. She's grown up a lot since this music video was released, but the song is still a bop. It was on Starbucks' Halloween playlist last year, probably just for the title. "Candy" was still fun to hear when we went for our pumpkin spice lattes.

Her villainous role in The Princess Diaries, 2001

Mandy Moore TBT

Mandy Moore TBT

In February, Moore shared the sweetest throwback on her Instagram account: posing with Dame Julie Andrews and the hilarious Heather Matarazzo on the set of Disney's The Princess Diaries. Moore played Lana Thomas, the popular cheerleader who loved to antagonize Mia Thermopolis (Anne Hathaway) until Mia was outed as a princess and Lana wanted a piece of her fame.

Oh, and Moore also did a cover of "Stupid Cupid" for the movie and soundtrack, and it was adorable.

Mandy Moore, Stupid Cupid, The Princess Diaries

The super-sweet "Crush" music video, 2001

Mandy Moore, Crush

Mandy Moore, Crush

"Crush" was Moore's second single off her self-titled album and her first song to hit No. 1 on MTV's Total Request Live. It might be her best video ever — and not just because of the chimpanzees, though they're a super-cute bonus.

More: Mandy Moore's Engagement Party Was So Mandy Moore

Her heartbreaking turn in A Walk to Remember, 2002

Mandy Moore and Shane West AWTR

Mandy Moore and Shane West AWTR

Moore reunited with A Walk to Remember costar Shane West in 2017 to celebrate the film's 15-year anniversary. It was her first leading role, and the soundtrack heavily featured Moore's music, including a duet with Switchfoot lead singer Jonathan Foreman.

When she got Punk'd by Ashton Kutcher in 2003

Mandy Moore Punk'd

Mandy Moore Punk'd

This whole episode is a flashback to early 2000s culture, when Ashton Kutcher was a household name. On MTV's Punk'd, Kutcher and his friends pulled wild practical jokes on popular celebrities, who often lost their cool before they were let in on the joke. In Season 1, Episode 2, Moore is told she's going on another MTV show, only for everything to come crashing down. Literally. And Dax Shepard is one of the jokers. It's a really good laugh.

Her fashion line, Mblem (2004-2009)

Mandy Moore laughing on radio show

Although Moore's foray into fashion design lasted just five short years, she's always been a fashion icon. She's changed her haircut and color and her style over the years as she's grown up, and the classy, understated version of her we see on red carpets today may just be our favorite.

Her rebellious stage in Chasing Liberty, 2004

Chasing Liberty Trailer

Chasing Liberty Trailer

Movies about fictional presidents' kids were super-popular in the early aughts, and Chasing Liberty was (in our biased opinion) one of the best. In some ways, this role marked a more mature turn in Moore's acting. Her role in Chasing Liberty was racier than her previous roles, and in the same year, she starred in Saved! which dealt with far more serious subject matter. She handled both roles with aplomb.

More: Mandy Moore's Road to Love & Success Wasn't Always Easy

When she transitioned to being a singer-songwriter with Wild Hope, 2007

Wild Hope

Wild Hope

After her third studio album, Moore moved away from the bubblegum pop she was known for performing. She released Coverage in 2003, which featured covers of classic rock hits that inspired her personal sound. Then in 2007, she released Wild Hope, the first album she completely co-wrote. Despite its lukewarm critical reception, several fans cite it as an all-time fave.

When she guest starred on Grey's Anatomy, 2010

Grey's Anatomy Guest Stars

Grey's Anatomy Guest Stars

Moore's four-episode run as Mary Portman on Grey's Anatomy began in one of the most heart-stopping episodes of the series, when there was an active shooter in the hospital. She played a patient with a colostomy bag seeking reversal surgery to have it removed. Like a lot of plot lines on this series, this one was really sad, and Moore executed the role flawlessly.

When she joined the ranks of Disney princesses in Tangled, 2010

Tangled Trailer

Tangled Trailer

Costarring with Zachary Levi, Moore voiced Rapunzel in Disney's Tangled, a film that's as much about finding your own way as it is about breaking off toxic relationships. Moore also contributed to the soundtrack for the film, singing in character for the role.

When she scared the crap out of us in 47 Meters Down, 2017

47 Meters Down Trailer

47 Meters Down Trailer

Movies like Jaws and Open Water play on a very specific fear, and 47 Meters Down (based on a true story) plays on the same one: abandoned in the ocean, surrounded by sharks. Surely the only thing to come next is death. Right? This role was far off the beaten path for Moore, and it was terrifying.

When she said she wants to return to making music, 2017

Mandy Moore NBC Upfronts 2017

Mandy Moore NBC Upfronts 2017

At last year's NBC Upfronts, Moore told a reporter for Access Hollywood that she's had a "wealth of life experience since I last put out music, so I think I have plenty of stuff to cherry pick from that's happened in my life" to write music about. She also said that singing on This Is Us had "lit a fire" in her, and we hope that means she'll release some new tunes!

More: Best TV Mom Mandy Moore Might Adopt in Real Life

When she broke our hearts in the Super Bowl Sunday episode of This Is Us, 2018

This Is Us 2x14 clip

This Is Us 2x14 clip

This Is Us makes us cry frequently, but Moore's performance as Rebecca Pearson in Season 2, Episode 14 was devastating. In a stunning display of how much Moore has matured and improved as an actress since her film debut, Rebecca ripped our hearts out when she received news of her husband Jack's unexpected death.

Moore has received a ton of award nominations for This Is Us, and it's easy to see why. She clearly has a long career ahead of her, and we can't wait to see what's next.

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