You've heard of coke, crack, LSD and ecstasy, but there are many other drugs out there — which are readily available, and not only from the "street." "Designer drugs like spice and other 'legal' compounds are showing up for sale in gas stations and online faster than the law can keep up," warns recovering addict Ed Hamill.
"Parents have to educate themselves," says Dr. Howard Samuels, psychologist and founder and CEO of The Hills Treatment Center. "Look up everything and know what they’re talking about in order to have an open, honest conversation with their son or daughter."
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Certified parent coach Cathy Taughinbaugh agrees that talking is everything. "Teens who learn about the risks of drugs from their parents are 50 percent less likely to use drugs," she says. "Give your teen plenty of opportunities to talk with you in a positive way about what is going on in his or her life. Being a listener and staying connected to your child is one of the most powerful things you can do to help your kid make healthy choices and good decisions."
"You don’t want to be in denial and hope the experimentation will simply pass or come to the realization that your child’s use has progressed so far that he or she’s now dependent and suffering negative consequences," adds Taughinbaugh, who is also an expert author for Pro Corner on Recovery.org. "Teens experiment with drugs and alcohol for a variety of reasons. The first question a parent should ask is 'Why?' Teens may not be comfortable explaining why they’re experimenting, so try and work together to understand why your kid might be tempted by drugs or alcohol. This way you can begin to address the issues that he or she is facing. Some of the most common reasons teens use drugs or alcohol are because they want to relax from the stress, fit in with the group, try something new, have fun with friends or just experiment to see how drugs feel."
There are many, many drugs out there — and most of them have a seemingly endless list of alternative "street" names. Start educating yourself with these common drugs your kids are likely to know about.
Ice
Ice is one of the street names for methamphetamine, which may also be known as crystals, crystal, meth, rock, candy, batu, glass, LA glass, super ice, hot ice, LA crystal, Hawaiian salt, Tina, Chrissy, speed or tweak. One of the newest and deadliest forms of crystallized methamphetamine, ice is nearly 100 percent pure methamphetamine.
Odorless and smoked in glass pipes, it is more lethal than crack and cocaine and seemingly more addictive. Within seconds of smoking ice, users experience intense physical and mental exhilaration. This gives way to extreme feelings of anxiety, depression, sleeplessness and fatigue, and long-term use can lead to toxic psychosis similar to paranoid schizophrenia. The toxic ingredients in meth leads to severe tooth decay known as "meth mouth," in which the teeth become black, stained and rotting, often to the point where they have to be pulled.
Spice
Made from dried plant material and chopped up herbs, then sprayed with synthetic chemicals (cannabinoids), spice is only one name for this popular illegal drug. It also goes by K2, herbal incense, potpourri, mojo, Scooby Snax, black mamba, no more Mr. Nice Guy, annihilation, and hundreds more. It’s also known as synthetic cannabis or synthetic marijuana, but it’s actually nothing like natural marijuana. Studies into Spice have found it contains a wide range of potentially harmful chemicals, including the prescription drug phenazepam.
Spice may have a similar effect to natural marijuana because synthetic cannabinoids happen to fit into the same receptors that THC (marijuana’s mind-altering chemical) latches onto in the brain. However, some synthetic cannabinoids are up to 100 times stronger than THC and may operate on other brain receptors too. Negative side effects reported by users include high blood pressure, blurred vision, stroke, cardiac arrest, muscle spasms, seizures, vomiting, hallucinations, paranoia, severe anxiety and suicidal thoughts. According to the American Association of Poison Control Centers, there were 656 exposures to spice from Jan. 1, 2017 to April 30, 2017.
Next Up: More drugs your kids know about
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Flakka
Flakka is one brand name for a synthetic cathinone, made from artificial chemicals related to amphetamines. As a stimulant, it works in a way similar to cocaine and meth, flooding the brain with the feel-good hormone dopamine, which helps control the brain’s reward and pleasure centers. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse, Flakka can cause hyperstimulation, paranoia and hallucinations that can lead to violent delusions and self-injury.
Other names used for Flakka include bath salts, bloom, cloud nine, lunar wave, vanilla sky, white lightning and Scarface. Synthetic cathinones usually take the form of a white or brown crystal-like powder and are sold in small plastic or foil packages labeled "not for human consumption." Despite being temporarily banned by the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration, people can buy synthetic cathinones online and in drug paraphernalia stores, where they are sometimes labeled as plant food, jewelry cleaner or phone screen cleaner.
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W-18
A synthetic pill with no known clinical use, W-18 may also be known as beans or shady '80s among users and dealers. It’s mass-produced in homemade labs and is believed to be 10,000 times more powerful than morphine and 100 times more powerful than fentanyl (fake OxyContin.) In August 2015, a drug bust near Calgary, Canada, uncovered three W-18 pills in a batch of 110 believed to be fentanyl and the following March, a man from Florida was arrested with 2.5 pounds of W-18 he purchased in China. One month later, officials in Edmonton seized 4 kilograms of pure W-18.
AH-7921
The manmade opioid AH-7921 was developed by a pharmaceutical company in the 1970s with animal tests establishing that it is similar to morphine. Tests have never been carried out on humans, and there is no published research on its effects and toxicity on humans. Like all opioids (such as heroin and morphine), AH-7921 relieves pain and can create feelings of euphoria, relaxation and sleepiness. Negative side effects reported by users include itching, nausea and tremors. This drug has been linked to several deaths in the U.K. and across Europe, and in May 2016 it was placed into Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act. According to the World Health Organization, it isn't associated with any street names and is referred to as AH-7921 on "legal high" websites.
Behavioral changes in kids who are using drugs go way above and beyond the typical tween/teen mood swings. Look out for changes in many behaviors, says substance abuse counselor Christopher Gerhart, such as secrecy, missing money, disappearing prescriptions and “lost” possessions.
Look out for changes in your child's hygiene and appearance too, says Taughinbaugh. You might notice a smell of smoke or other unusual smells on their breath or clothes, a messy appearance, poor hygiene, red, flushed cheeks or face, track marks on their arms or legs, hiding their arms under long sleeves in warm weather or burns or soot on their fingers or lips from joints or roaches burning down.
"If your child starts to avoid all interaction, changes friends suddenly or avoids all friends in general (designer drugs are less of a group activity than it used to be and causes folks to become 'closet users') you need to ask more questions!" says Hamill. "Has a favorite sport or hobby suddenly become unimportant? Does your child go for 'walks' alone and come home and go straight to sleep? Have there been dramatic changes in their appearance or eating habits? These are all possible signs of drug use/experimentation."
If you suspect your child is using drugs, a huge number of online resources are at your disposal:
- Online drug encyclopedia Erowid is a good starting point.
- ProjectKnow is a website dedicated to providing accurate, easy-to-understand information about drugs to adolescents and their families.
- The National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse is a national nonprofit focused on improving the understanding, prevention and treatment of substance use and addiction.
- Partnership for Drug-Free Kids is a site for parents who have a son or daughter struggling with substance abuse.
- Above the Influence is a website for teens to help them live above the influence of drugs or underage drinking.
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